講解液壓成(cheng)型(xing)機由(you)哪些構(gou)成(cheng)

        液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成型(xing)(xing)機(ji)的(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)有泵(beng)直(zhi)接驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和泵(beng)-蓄能器驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)兩種型(xing)(xing)式。泵(beng)直(zhi)接驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong) 　這(zhe)種驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)驅(qu)系統(tong)的(de)(de)泵(beng)向液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸提(ti)供高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)液體，配流閥用(yong)來(lai)改變供液方向，溢流閥用(yong)來(lai)調節系統(tong)的(de)(de)限(xian)定壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)，同時起安全溢流作(zuo)用(yong)。這(zhe)種驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)環節少(shao),結構簡單,壓(ya)(ya)(ya)強(qiang)能按所需的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)力自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)增減(jian)，減(jian)少(shao)了電(dian)能消(xiao)耗，但須由液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成型(xing)(xing)機(ji)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)力和最(zui)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)速度來(lai)決定泵(beng)及其驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)容量。這(zhe)種型(xing)(xing)式的(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)多用(yong)于中小型(xing)(xing)液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)成型(xing)(xing)機(ji)，也有用(yong)泵(beng)直(zhi)接驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)(xing)(如120000千牛)自(zi)由鍛造水壓(ya)(ya)(ya)機(ji)。

       泵(beng)-蓄(xu)能(neng)器驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong) 　在這(zhe)種驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統中有一(yi)個或(huo)一(yi)組蓄(xu)能(neng)器。當(dang)泵(beng)所供(gong)(gong)給(gei)的(de)高壓(ya)工(gong)作(zuo)液(ye)有余量時，由(you)蓄(xu)能(neng)器儲(chu)存;而當(dang)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)量不(bu)足(zu)于(yu)需要時，便由(you)蓄(xu)能(neng)器補(bu)充供(gong)(gong)給(gei)。采用(yong)這(zhe)種系(xi)(xi)統可以(yi)按高壓(ya)工(gong)作(zuo)液(ye)的(de)平均用(yong)量選用(yong)泵(beng)和電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)容(rong)量，但因為工(gong)作(zuo)液(ye)的(de)壓(ya)強是恒定的(de)，電(dian)能(neng)消耗量較大(da)，并且系(xi)(xi)統的(de)環節多，結構比較復雜。這(zhe)種驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統多用(yong)于(yu)大(da)型液(ye)壓(ya)成型機(ji)(ji)，或(huo)者用(yong)一(yi)套驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)數臺液(ye)壓(ya)成型機(ji)(ji)。

        按作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)力(li)的方向區分，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)有立(li)(li)式(shi)和(he)臥式(shi)兩種。多(duo)(duo)數(shu)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)為立(li)(li)式(shi)，擠壓(ya)(ya)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)則多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)臥式(shi)。按結構型(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)分，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)有雙柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、四柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、八(ba)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、焊(han)接框(kuang)架(jia)和(he)多(duo)(duo)層(ceng)鋼帶纏繞框(kuang)架(jia)等(deng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)，中、小型(xing)(xing)(xing)立(li)(li)式(shi)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)還有用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)C型(xing)(xing)(xing)架(jia)式(shi)的。C型(xing)(xing)(xing)架(jia)式(shi)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)三面敞開(kai)，操作(zuo)(zuo)方便，但(dan)剛性差。沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的焊(han)接框(kuang)架(jia)式(shi)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)剛性好，前(qian)后敞開(kai)，但(dan)左(zuo)右封閉。在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)的立(li)(li)式(shi)四柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)自由鍛(duan)造液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)中,油缸固(gu)定在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)梁(liang)(liang)中,柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)塞(sai)與(yu)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)剛性連接，活動(dong)(dong)(dong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)由立(li)(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)向，在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)液(ye)(ye)的壓(ya)(ya)強作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下上(shang)(shang)(shang)下移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有可(ke)以前(qian)后移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺。在(zai)(zai)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)下和(he)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺面上(shang)(shang)(shang)分別安裝(zhuang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)砧和(he)下砧。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)力(li)由上(shang)(shang)(shang)、下橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)和(he)立(li)(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)組成(cheng)(cheng)的框(kuang)架(jia)承受。 采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)泵-蓄能器(qi)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)的大、中型(xing)(xing)(xing)的自由鍛(duan)水壓(ya)(ya)機(ji)(ji)常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三個工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)缸，以得(de)到三級(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)力(li)。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)缸外還設有向上(shang)(shang)(shang)施加(jia)力(li)的平衡缸和(he)回(hui)程缸。